The rapid development of information technology and the application of artificial intelligence in the field of education are becoming more and more widespread. This study explores the impact of computer-assisted personalized teaching mode on Civics education in colleges and universities by conducting an experiment on the Basic Principles of Marxism course in S University. The research subjects included 20 teachers and 60 students, and the data were analyzed by questionnaire survey method, mathematical statistics and comparative research method. The changes in the final grades of the experimental group and the control group showed that the average score of the experimental group increased by 10.06 points, while the control group increased by 3.85 points, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, the experimental group also showed significant improvement in learning interest and motivation, with the mean score of learning interest increasing from 74.3 to 80.4 (P<0.01) and learning motivation increasing from 90.2 to 92.2 (P<0.02). The results of the study show that computer-assisted personalized teaching can effectively improve students’ academic performance, learning interest and learning motivation, thus enhancing the teaching effect of Civic Education.