To address the multi-parameter collaborative regulation required for preparing coal gangue-based foam ceramics with a light closed-cell structure, this study used a coal gangue–diatomite composite system. The mass ratio of coal gangue to diatomite was fixed at 7:3, the holding time was 30 min, and the additions of potassium feldspar and magnesium oxide were 10% and 5%, respectively. Silicon carbide content, sodium phosphate content, and sintering temperature were selected as the core process variables to construct an orthogonal experimental dataset and parameter coding scheme. Combined with a multi-index normalization method, total porosity, closed-pore ratio, bulk density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity were jointly evaluated. The results show that silicon carbide content had the strongest influence on structure formation, followed by sintering temperature, while sodium phosphate continuously regulated pore stability. Under the optimal condition of 1.5% silicon carbide, 3% sodium phosphate, and 1200 °C sintering temperature, the sample achieved a total porosity of 86.65%, a closed-pore ratio of 83.33%, a bulk density of 0.3532 g/cm3, a compressive strength of 3.19 MPa, and a thermal conductivity of 0.096 W/(m·K). The proposed framework provides a reusable computational basis for process design and coordinated performance evaluation of coal gangue-based foam ceramics.
Povzetek: a članek predlaga metodo optimizacije priprave lahke zaprto-celične penaste keramike na osnovi premogove jalovine v sistemu jalovina–diatomejska zemlja. Poskusi kažejo, da je optimalna kombinacija parametrov 1,5 % SiC, 3 % natrijevega fosfata in temperatura sintranja 1200 °C. Pri teh pogojih skupna poroznost doseže 86,65 %, delež zaprtih por 83,33 %, prostorninska gostota znaša 0,3532 g/cm3, tlačna trdnost 3,19 MPa, toplotna prevodnost pa 0,096 W/(m·K). Rezultati kažejo, da ta metoda zagotavlja zanesljivo osnovo za optimizacijo procesa priprave lahkih zaprto-celičnih struktur.
