The acoustic environment is an important component of music education and teaching spaces. This study takes university music classrooms as its research object, conducting a correlation analysis of subjective data from a questionnaire survey using stepwise regression. Based on measured data, the acoustic environment is simulated using a computer model across three dimensions: reverberation time, sound pressure level, and speech transmission index. Subsequently, an optimized design scheme for music teaching spaces is proposed. Finally, 100 students were selected as empirical research subjects to explore the effectiveness of the optimized teaching space. In terms of teaching methods, students using the optimized teaching space reported feeling highly adapted to the teaching methods. Thus, the music education teaching space designed in this study has a positive impact on students’ music learning outcomes.