Digital transformation is a key hallmark of enterprises’ high-quality development, where finance plays a leading role. As the core of financial management, the treasury system is of great significance for driving enterprises’ digital transformation, realizing financial intellectualization and empowering high-quality development. Based on the enterprise architecture framework, this paper constructs a digital transformation management framework for power grid enterprises that is built around the treasury system. Research findings show that over 70% of respondents recognize the positive effect of digital transformation of power grid enterprises on improving revenue, and the comprehensive score of power grid enterprise architecture governance reaches 1.095 points. Therefore, innovating the digital transformation management mechanism of power grids by relying on the enterprise architecture framework can enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises and lay a solid foundation for improving new productive forces.