With the continuous development of vocational education, the concept of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) has gained increasing attention in teaching reforms at higher vocational colleges. This study focuses on the research of classroom teaching evaluation systems based on OBE principles in vocational institutions. First, it provides an in-depth analysis of existing issues in traditional classroom teaching evaluation systems at vocational colleges. Second, it introduces the essence of OBE and its significance in educational assessment frameworks. Subsequently, it outlines principles for constructing teaching evaluation systems according to OBE principles. Finally, it elaborates on a “One Cycle, Dual Stages, Three Dimensions, Four Subjects” classroom teaching evaluation system developed through OBE principles. This student-centered framework emphasizes the learning process, comprehensively reflects students’ learning outcomes and integrated competencies, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of teaching evaluations in assessing whether vocational college graduates meet the talent demands of modern societal development.