Based on the microdata of 7432 households lifting themselves out of poverty, the study utilizes benchmark regression, heterogeneity analysis and quantile regression to systematically reveal the heterogeneous roles of education, health and other human capital elements on income growth. The study found that: the improvement of education level significantly drives the growth of wage income, but triggers the loss of agricultural labor force, and the business income of junior high school and high school and above groups declines by 25.6% and 64.5%, respectively, and low-income families are facing the trap of education conversion efficiency; health-impaired poverty-eradication families partially compensate for the loss of income through the enhancement of agricultural business, and the effect of health improvement of high-income groups on the increase of income is significantly higher than that of the low-income groups; Labor migration is significantly and positively associated with the wage income of poverty-stricken families, but leads to the loss of business income, and the return rate of migration for high-income groups is significantly higher than that of low-income groups; the coverage of technical training is low and has a weak impact on wage income, and the return rate of training for high-income groups exceeds that of low-income groups by a factor of 11, exposing the problem of mismatch between supply and demand. Accordingly, policy recommendations such as building a stepped human capital value-added system, implementing a subtype of health capital regeneration plan, creating differentiated labor allocation channels, and establishing a precise policy adaptation mechanism are put forward, with a view to providing precise decision-making references for the design of policies to promote the income increase of poverty-stricken households.
