With the in-depth advancement of the pilot program of Digital RMB (e-CNY) and the increasing complexity of supply chain finance, how to effectively prevent and control financial risks and improve the efficiency of supply chain collaboration has become a key issue. This paper proposes a risk prevention and control and supply chain collaborative innovation solution for digital RMB based on blockchain technology. By constructing a two-layer architecture combining consortium chains and smart contracts, it deeply integrates the legal tender attribute of digital RMB with the technical advantages of blockchain. The core collaborative mechanisms based on blockchain, such as supply chain information evidence storage, programmable payment, and multi-level creditor’s rights circulation, were designed. On this basis, smart contracts were utilized to achieve the automatic execution of transaction rules and real-time monitoring of risks. Further, a risk control model and a supply chain collaborative benefit evaluation model based on the improved Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) algorithm were constructed. And the superiority of the scheme in improving transaction throughput, reducing consensus delay and enhancing system robustness was verified through experiments. The research results show that this scheme can effectively achieve the immutability and full traceability of supply chain transaction data, precisely prevent and control credit risks and operational risks, and through the programmability of digital RMB, realize the efficient coordination of capital flow, information flow and business flow, providing a theoretical basis and practical path for building a safe, efficient and transparent modern supply chain financial ecosystem.
