In the context of global sustainable development, the contradiction between the massive generation of construction solid waste and the tightening of resource constraints is becoming increasingly prominent. As a key product of the resource utilization of construction solid waste, the application of recycled micro powder in concrete is of great significance for promoting green innovation of civil engineering materials and alleviating resource crises. This article systematically studies the physical and chemical properties and activity mechanism of recycled micro powder, analyzes its impact mechanism on the workability of concrete, explores its regulation path on the micro pore structure of concrete, and its role in improving durability. Research has shown that recycled micro powder can optimize the workability, mechanical properties, and microstructure of concrete through multidimensional effects such as filling effect and hydration reaction, providing theoretical support for its efficient application in concrete and assisting in the high-value utilization of construction solid waste.