To solve the dilemma of deep integration of industry, academia, and research in vocational education and empower the development of new quality productivity, this study takes the government, enterprises, and vocational colleges as the core subjects. Based on the triple helix theory, the cooperation between industry, academia, and research is divided into two stages: incentive and governance. A dynamic evolutionary game model of three parties is constructed, and the strategic evolution laws and key parameter influence mechanisms of each subject are revealed through MATLAB numerical simulation. The experimental results indicate that the deep integration of industry, academia, and research heavily relies on government funding and policy support, and excessive incentives can easily trigger opportunistic behavior; The impact of cooperation costs during the incentive phase is relatively weak, while the governance costs during the governance phase significantly determine the sustainability of cooperation; The risk cost is crucial for both stages of strategy selection, and the risk sensitivity of enterprises in the governance stage is higher than that of universities. Government intervention plays a decisive role when the initial willingness to cooperate between schools and enterprises is low, and strong government intervention is needed to achieve stable integration in situations of information asymmetry. Finally, countermeasures are proposed from the perspectives of government guidance, collaboration of emerging technologies, balance of interests among multiple parties, and integration of the four chains.
