For solving the not matching problem between early mechanical promotion and long-time use stability in masonry reinforcement, this research has established a durability-mechanics linked optimization frame and an engineering use mode for high-durability modification systems. A unified database containing 186 open experimental specimens and 426 constrained parametric cases was organized for masonry walls, spandrels, and arch members. Heterogeneous environmental actions, including freeze-thaw, wet-dry chloride exposure, and thermal cycles, were transformed into an equivalent exposure index to enable cross-study comparison. Based on peak shear strength, displacement ductility, residual capacity retention, equivalent energy dissipation, normalized cost, and construction interference, a coupled performance index was established and used in surrogate-based multi-objective optimization. Results indicate that G-CRM and B-TRM outperform CFRP and SRG in the combined evaluation of initial resistance and durability retention. Under unified exposure conditions, G-CRM attained a peak shear stress of 0.66 MPa and held 0.88 of its capacity before exposure, while B-TRM displayed the maximum drift capacity of 1.19%. The analysis of sensitivity makes known that interface bonding coefficient and anchoring effect efficiency are the main controlling factors of coupling response, therefore the sum of their contribution degrees exceeds 56%. Compared with empirical scheme selection, the Pareto-optimal solutions improve the coupled index by 17.6% with only a 6.3% increase in normalized cost. Finally, a scenario-based decision map is proposed for heritage masonry, occupied coastal housing, and masonry arch bridges, providing differentiated strengthening paradigms centered on compatibility, durability retention, and deployment constraints.
