How to realize the cultivation of students’ vocational competence in the changing social environment and the cultivation of students’ employment competence that can fully adapt to the future career development are the key concerns of college education. The present study introduces a research model grounded in “Social Cognitive Career Theory”, and constructs the structure system of employment competence of higher vocational college students from the dimensions of basic ability, vocational skill, potential ability and self-efficacy, and selects 60 researchers according to the perceived social support, “psychological capital” and “employment competence”. Sixty researchers were selected to construct a structural equation model according to the assumed relationship between perceived social support, “psychological capital” and employment competence, and then use SPSS to analyze the data, and then use fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to explore the effective development pathway of the higher vocational college students’ employment competence. It was found that perceived social support has a significant positive effect on employment competence; self-efficacy has a significant positive effect on employment competence; perceived social support has a significant positive effect on employability. There are two cultivation paths to realize the quality of employment competence of higher vocational students, which are “holistic advancement cultivation path” and “scenario-driven cultivation path”.
